HOW CORONA VIRUS ATTACKS ON HUMAN BODY? HOW IT IS TREATED?
Corona virus is not a
deadly disease said by most of the people. But due to this contiguous disease
death rate reaches to the limit of 243,367 till to date 02 May,2020.
There are currently 3,459,006 confirmed cases in 212 countries and regions, death rates are still being
assessed.
So, how it attacks human
body? How and why more of people are killed and how it is treated? It can be
cured by taking prevention measures.
How corona virus enters in your body?
Corona virus is officially
called as SARS-CoV-2. Virus invade in your body when you breath it in or when
you touch contaminated surface and then touch your mouth, nose or eyes or
illness starts if droplets from infected person's sneeze, cough or breath
enters in your body through airways i.e. nose, eyes, mouth.
It gives passage to mucous membrane
present in your throat. Virus first infected the lining of throat, then goes
down to the lungs and turns it into corona virus factories that eject more
viruses to infect more body cells.
Within 2 to 14 days, immune
system may respond and shows mild to severe symptoms including:
- Body aches
- Dry cough
- Fever
- Pain
- Sore throat
- chill, sometime with shaking
- Loss of taste and smell
- Fatigue
- Diarrhea
How does your body get attacked by Corona virus?
virus turns the body
infected by invading healthy cells. The invader makes copies of himself there
and multiplies all over your body.
The new corona
virus latches its spiky surface proteins on healthy cells to receptors,
particularly the ones in your lungs.
The viral proteins
specifically bust into cells through ACE2 receptors. The corona
virus hijacks healthy cells once inside and takes charge. Eventually, some of the healthy cells get destroyed.
Nose and throat
Infection begins from nose
or throat, it takes over upper nasal tract, by blocking out our sense of smell
or taste before moving down into the throat.
Here the cells are abundant
in an enzyme known as ACE2. They allow the "spike proteins" on the
virus surface to latch on and replicate speedily.
patients are highly
infectious here, but may not experience any symptoms yet, virus allows human to
transmit it to others without letting them know that they are sick.
Lungs
If body's immune system
does not suppress it at this early stage, the virus passes down the
windpipe and into the lungs.
Virus become dreadful when
enters inside the lungs because it inflamed millions of air sacs present inside
lungs.
"This condition is
called as pneumonitis – inflammation of the lung tissue – it prevents the
proper intake of oxygen, makes the lungs wet and heavy," said Dr. Duncan
Young, Professor of Intensive Care Medicine at
the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences.
This can lead to acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) for certain patients. A potentially fatal
condition in which blood oxygen levels drop to a critically low level.
"You can stop them
dying from lack of oxygen on ventilator" said by Dr. Young. But that not
preventing the spread of infection it carries on. You keep them alive in the
expectation that they can combat the virus by their own immune system.
Sadly, the immune system
overreacts to the infection for many people – causing a "cytokine
storm" whereby the body attacks ultimately by itself.
"A high heart rate is
triggered by this inflammatory body-wide process. It makes blood vessels to
leak fluid, a little like a blister.
It's what makes
kidney failure happen to the 20 percent of people, and it's also what causes
people to get heart attacks", "Dr. Young said.
So, most of the patient die
in ICU, they first and most died due to this cytokine storm. They die of
multiple organ failure because everything gives up.
Kidneys
COVID-19 can cause kidney
damage in extreme cases – one preprint study of 85 hospitalized Wuhan patients
showed that 27 percent patients had kidney failure.
It's ambiguous whether this
is because the virus specifically targets the kidneys – there's an excess of
ACE2 receptors within the organ – or it's the body's reaction to something
else, like plummeting blood pressure.
Either way, demand for
dialysis machines could be massively increased.
Brain
So far, doctors are
uncertain about how the virus affects the brain, but studies have identified
COVID-19 patients who have had strokes, seizures, confused and inflammation of
the brain.
"A lot of patient becomes
confused or puzzled when they come in hospital, which is essentially a
indication that something isn't quite right in the brain," Dr Young said.
"Whether the virus
affects the brain directly, or if it is a indication that the oxygen levels are
just too low, we can't be sure yet."
But one case study in Japan
documented signs of the virus in a COVID-19 patient's cerebrospinal fluid that
had acquired meningitis and encephalitis. That suggests SARS-CoV-2 can
penetrate the central nervous system.
Heart and veins
Experts believe that infection
will contribute to cardiac coagulation, cardiac attacks and
cardio-inflammation because the virus binds to ACE2 receptors on cell
lining our blood vessels. The impact of virus on both heart and blood is
unclear.
Professor Shah said:
"There are signs of cardiac and vascular complications in hospitals with
COVID-19. "We're seeing a large proportion of patients growing clots
flowing into the heart through the arteries."
prof. Shah added: "
one of the extreme feature of severe COVID-19 is the increased probability
of clot formation in body including legs and lungs.
It can explain why patients
with diabetes and heart disease are at risk for COVID-19 acute illness because
their vascular systems are already under additional stress.
Intestine
New study reveals that
corona virus SARS-CoV-2 infect intestine and multiply there. This is
because intestinal cell has ACE2 receptors, the receptors through which
COVID-19 causing SARS-CoV-2 virus can enter into host cells.
This could explain why one
third of COVID-19 patient experiences gastrointestinal symptoms such as
diarrhea, and the fact that the virus often detected in stool samples.
Treatment
No specific antiviral
therapy is recommended for COVID-19 supporting treatment should
be given to infected patients to help relieve symptoms.
In extreme cases the
function of vital organs should be protected. No vaccine is available for
SARS-CoV-2 currently.
Taking precautionary
measures can protect you from this virus.
- Keeping yourself isolated from populated
area
- Washing your hands frequently for 20
seconds
- Wearing a mask and gloves when go
outside
- Self isolation if someone have symptoms
- Eat healthy
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